GLOBAL CHANGE AND BRITISH COLUMBIA NATIVE FLORA Richard Hebda Botany Unit Royal British Columbia Museum Victoria, B.C. V8V 1X4 Presented at the "British Columbia Native Plants, their current Status and Future Colloquium at Botany Dept., University of British Columbia, May 12, 1990 ****************************************************************************** ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank Dr. J. Smol and Dr. I. Walker, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario and Dr. Adolf Ceska, and Cris Guppy, Royal British Columbia Museum and Dr. Rolf Mathewes, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. for valuable comments on draft versions of the manuscript. BIBLIOGRAPHY BANNER, A., HEBDA, R.J., OSWALD, E.T., POJAR, J. and TROWBRIDGE, 1988. Wetlands of Pacific Canada. In National Wetlands Working Group, Editors, Wetlands of Canada. Ecological Land Classifiation Series, No. 24. Sustainable Development Branch, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, and Polyscience Publications Inc., Montreal, Quebec. pp. 305-346. CLAGUE, J.J. and R.W. MATHEWES. 1989. Early Holocene thermal maximum in western North America: New evidence from Castle Peak, British Columbia. Geology 17: 277-280. CLAGUE, J.J., HARPER, J.R., HEBDA, R.J. and HOWES, D.E. 1982. Late Quaternary sea levels and crustal movements, Coastal British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 19:597-618. HEBDA, R.J. 1982. Postglacial history of grasslands of southern British Columbia and adjacent regions. In Grassland ecology and classification, symposium proceedings, June 1982. Edited by A.C. Nicholson, A. McLean and T.E. Baker. British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C. pp. 157-191. HEBDA, R.J. 1983. Lateglacial and postglacial vegetation history at Bear Cove Bog, northeast Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canadian Journal of Botany 61:3172-3192. HEBDA, R.J. Late Quaternary paleoecology of Brooks Peninsula. In R. Hebda and J.C. Haggarty Eds. The Brooks Peninsula: an Ice-Age refuge. Royal British Columbia Museum. (In press). HEBDA, R.J. and MATHEWES, R.W. 1984. Holocene history of cedar and native cultures of the North American Pacific Coast, Science 225:711-713. HEBDA, R.J. and ROUSE, G.E. 1979. Palynology of two Holocene cores from the Hesquiat Peninsula, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Syesis 12:121-129. HEUSSER, L.E. 1983. Palynology and paleoecology of postglacial sediments in an anoxic basin, Saanich Inlet, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 20:873-885. KERR, R.A. 1990. New greenhouse report puts down dissenters. Science 249: 481-482. KRAJINA, V.J., Klinka, K. and J. Worrall. 1982. Distribution and ecological characteristics of trees and shrubs of British Columbia. Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. 131 p. MANABE, S. and R.T. Wetherald. 1986. Reduction in summer soil wetness induced by an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Science 232: 626-628. MATHEWES, R.W. 1985. Paleobotanical evidence for climatic change in southern British Columbia during late-glacial and Holocene time; in, Climatic change in Canada 5, Critical Periods in the Quaternary Climatic History of Northern North America, ed. C.R. Harington; National Museums of Canada, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Syllogeus Series, no. 55, p. 397-422. MATHEWES, R.W. and L.E. HEUSSER. 1981. A 12 000 year palynological record of temperature and precipitation trends in southwestern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Botany 59: 707-710. MATHEWES, R.W. and M. King. 1989. Holocene vegetation, cimate and lake level changes in the Interior Douglas-fir Biogeoclimatic Zone, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26: 1811-1825. NATIONAL WETLANDS WORKING GROUP. 1988. Wetlands of Canada. Ecological Land Classification Series, No. 24. Substainable Development Branch, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, and Polyscience Publications Inc., Montreal, Quebec. QUICKFALL, G.S. 1987. Paludification and climate on the Queen Charlotte Islands during the past 8,000 years. M.Sc. thesis. Biology Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby. SCHNEIDER, S.H. 1989. Global Warming. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco. 317 p. STRALEY, G.B., R.L. TAYLOR, and G.W. DOUGLAS. 1985. The rare vascular plants of British Columbia. National Museum of Canada. Syllogeus 59. Ottawa. WILLIAMS, H.F.L. and R.J. HEBDA, 1991. Palynology of Holocene top- set, aggradational sediments of the Fraser River Delta, British Columbia. Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology and Paleoecology. 86: 287-311. WOLFE, J.A. 1978. A paleobotanical interpretation of Tertiary climates in the Northern Hemisphere. American Scientist 66: 694-903.